Background: Despite the advances in therapy, the occurrence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus\ntype 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful treatment. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and to\ndetermine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) between individuals recently or chronically\ndiagnosed with HIV-1 from Paraná, Brazil.\nMethods: A total of 260 HIV-1 positive antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients were recruited to participate on the study,\nof which 39 were recently diagnosed. HIV-1 genotyping was performed using sequencing reaction followed by phylogenetic\nanalyses to determine the HIV-1 subtype. TDRM were defined using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool\nprogram.\nResults: The HIV-1 subtypes frequency found in the studied population were 54.0% of subtype B, 26.7% subtype\nC, 6.7% subtype F1 and 12.7% recombinant forms. The overall prevalence of TDRM was 6.7%, including 13.3% for\nrecently diagnosed subjects and 5.9% for the chronic group.\nConclusions: The prevalence of resistance mutations found in this study is considered moderate, thus to perform\ngenotyping tests before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy may be important to define the first line therapy and\ncontribute for the improvement of regional prevention strategies for epidemic control.\nKeywords: HAART , Genotype, Epidemiology, Mutation, Drug resistance
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